Name two common adverse effects and one contraindication of ACE inhibitors.

• A. Cough, hyperkalemia; contraindicated with bilateral renal artery stenosis or history of angioedema.
• B. Hypotension and bradycardia; contraindicated with asthma.
• C. Dizziness and diarrhea; contraindicated with recent MI.
• D. Rash and hyponatremia; contraindicated with kidney stones.

Answer: (A)

The main concept is the adverse effects and contraindications of ACE inhibitors. Cough and hyperkalemia are classic adverse effects: the cough comes from bradykinin buildup in the airways, and potassium can rise because ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone. A key contraindication is bilateral renal artery stenosis or a history of angioedema, since these conditions markedly increase the risk of kidney damage or life-threatening swelling when ACE activity is blocked.

This option captures those well-established facts. The other choices mix effects or contraindications that aren’t typical for ACE inhibitors—for example, asthma is not a contraindication, recent myocardial infarction isn’t a defining contraindication, and hyponatremia or kidney stones aren’t characteristic concerns with ACE inhibitors.